Lupus

Lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus, is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues and organs, causing inflammation and damage to different parts of the body. Lupus may damage various parts of the body including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels and brain. Lupus is a serious disease that affects women more than men and is more common in women of African-American, Hispanic or Asian descent. There is currently no cure for lupus, however there are treatments available that help to relieve the different symptoms of lupus.

Cause of Lupus

The exact cause of lupus is unknown, however it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetics and the environment. Research has indicated that some people may be born with an inherited disposition for lupus that may may be triggered by environmental factors such as sunlight or certain medications. Hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, may also be a factor in the cause of lupus, as women are more likely to develop lupus than men.

Symptoms of Lupus

The symptoms of lupus may vary with each individual, however, the most common symptom of lupus is a butterfly shaped rash that appears on the face. Symptoms of lupus can come and go and be mild or severe, and may commonly include:

Muscle pain

Pain and swelling in the joints

Fatigue

Fever

Chest pain

Sensitivity to the sun

Skin lesions

Swollen glands

Hair loss

Headaches

Purple or blue fingers and toes

Sporadic symptoms, known as flares, may be triggered or made worse by certain environmental factors such as sunlight, stress,infection, injury, or fatigue. In severe cases, symptoms of lupus may include confusion, dizziness, memory loss or seizures. Depression may also be a symptom of living with lupus.

Diagnosis of Lupus

Lupus may be difficult to diagnose, as symptoms may come and go and may mimic the symptoms of other conditions. To diagnose lupus and rule out any other medical conditions, a doctor will review all symptoms, perform a full physical examination and perform additional tests which may include:

Blood test

Skin biopsy

Kidney and liver function tests

Kidney biopsy

Urinalysis

Antinuclear antibody test

If the doctor suspects that lupus may be affecting the lungs or heart, imaging tests such as a chest X-ray or echocardiogram may also be performed.

Treatment of Lupus

Treatment for lupus may vary depending on the individual’s symptoms. Medication is often used to prevent or reduce flares, reduce swelling and pain, prevent infection and inflammation and suppress the immune system. Medications may include:

Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Immune suppressants

Antimalarial drugs

Individuals with lupus can help to manage their condition by recognizing factors that may trigger a flare-up of symptoms. Exercising, avoiding stress, getting enough rest, and eating a healthy diet may also help to minimize the flares of lupus. Attending support groups, along with a strong support system of family and friends, can also be beneficial to those living with lupus.