Scleroderma

Scleroderma is a disease that involves the formation of scar tissue within the skin and in some case, other organs of the body. This condition causes a hardening and thickening of the skin and may also affect the blood vessels, digestive tract, and in severe cases, the heart, lungs, kidneys or other vital organs. Localized scleroderma only affects the skin on the hands and face and rarely affects other areas of the body. Systemic scleroderma may affect additional areas of the skin as well as internal organs. Scleroderma is considered a rare condition, and it is more common in women than in men. Symptoms of scleroderma often occur between the ages of 30 and 50.

Causes of Scleroderma

Scleroderma occurs from an overproduction of collagen within the tissue of the body. The exact cause of the abnormal collagen production is unknown, but is believed to be caused by an autoimmune response. For an unknown reason, the immune system attacks the tissue of the body, causing inflammation and the overproduction of collagen.

Symptoms of Scleroderma

Symptoms of scleroderma may vary depending on which part of the body is affected. Skin changes are a common symptom of this condition and may include thickened patches or hardened bands of skin, as well as swollen fingers and hands. Additional symptoms may include:

Gastrointestinal problems

Raynaud’s phenomenon, numbness or color changes in fingers or toes

Joint stiffness and swelling

Although not common, scleroderma can affect internal organs and cause lung damage, heart problems, high blood pressure and kidney problems.

Diagnosis of Scleroderma

Scleroderma may be difficult to diagnose as symptoms may vary and mimic symptoms of other medical conditions. To diagnose scleroderma, the doctor will review all symptoms and perform a full physical examination. Blood tests may be performed to check for elevated levels of certain antibodies produced by the immune system. Additional diagnostic tests may include:

Skin biopsy

Breathing tests

CT scan

Echocardiogram

Treatment of Scleroderma

There is currently no cure available for scleroderma but several treatment options are available to help control symptoms of this condition. People with scleroderma may benefit from taking blood pressure medication or drugs to suppress the immune system. Additional medication may be prescribed to:

Prevent infection

Reduce stomach acid

Relieve pain

Physical or occupational treatment may be beneficial to some patients to help manage pain and improve strength and mobility. Some patients find success with light treatment that may help to decrease the thickening of the skin.